Lens – Focuses an image in the viewfinder and onto the film.Ĭ. Body – The light-tight box that contains the camera’s mechanisms and protects the film from light until you are ready to take the photograph.ī. A shutter and lens aperture to control the amount of light that reaches the film.Ī.A lens to form an image and a mechanism to focus it sharply.A viewing system that lets you aim the camera accurately.A light-tight box to hold the camera parts and film.You will need to become familiar with these parts and their function.Īll film-based cameras have the same basic features: The following exposures will allow the same amount of light to reach the film and produce negatives of the same intensity.Īll film cameras have the same basic parts. In simple terms, light of a higher intensity acting for a short period of time will produce the same photographic effect on film as a light of a lesser intensity acting for a longer period of time. Shutter speed controls the amount of time that the light is allowed to fall on the film. Contrast is determined by the type of film used and the contrast in the subject.Įxposure is the amount of light allowed to fall on the film while the intensity of the light entering the camera is controlled by the aperture. Density depends on the type of film used and the amount of light striking the film.Ĭontrast is the difference in densities of the various areas of a negative. A negative has many different tones ranging from black to clear.ĭensity describes the light-transmitting qualities of a negative. Negatives are not composed of strictly black and clear areas. Dark areas on the subject absorb more light and therefore less light is reflected back to the film. Light areas reflect more light back to the film. This is the reason that a negative is the reverse of the subject. The more light that reaches the emulsion, the more crystals affected. The developer converts the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver, which can be seen. There is no visible change, but a latent image is formed and must be brought out by developing agents. When exposed to light, a change occurs within the chemical structure of the silver halide crystal. anti-halation layer – prevents light from being reflected back to the emulsion.įilm reacts when light strikes some of the silver halide crystals during exposure.anti-curl layer – prevents the film from curling.acetate base – plastic layer on which the emulsion is spread.emulsion – silver halides suspended in a gelatin base.Slow film can produce smaller and finer details than fast speed film.īlack and white film is composed of five layers: Resolution is the ability of a film to record fine details. The higher the number, the faster the film. More surface area translates into a faster exposure time. The larger the particle, the larger the surface area. Film speed is directly proportional to the size of the silver particles in the emulsion. Bright subjects or long exposures are examples of slow film use. Film that needs more light to produce a good image is known as slow film. Fast film is used for dimly lit subjects or for fast moving subjects. Film that is very light sensitive is called fast film. All film has grain and the degree of graininess depends on the type and speed of film used.įilm speed is a measure of a film’s sensitivity to light. It is a result of the size of the silver grains used in the emulsion. Graininess is the sand-like effect that appears when a negative is enlarged. Most film is panchromatic or sensitive to all colors of light. It must be loaded into film holders in total darkness.Ĭolor sensitivity is the way that film responds to light of various wavelengths (color). Sheet Film – is used for large format cameras.Their major advantage was that no film threading was required. Cartridge Film – is a light tight plastic container that drops into cartridge type cameras.Roll film is bought by length or the number of exposures per roll. It is packaged in a light tight container called a cassette.
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